MCP (Model Context Protocol)
MCP (Model Context Protocol) is a standard protocol that enables AI agents to connect to external tools, databases, and APIs. It is an open standard developed by Anthropic and donated to the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation.
Even as AI agents grow more sophisticated, they remain little more than "eloquent conversation partners" if they cannot connect to the outside world. MCP is the industry's answer to this challenge, establishing a common communication protocol between agents and external tools.
For example, by connecting a Supabase MCP server, an agent can invoke SQL execution, migration application, and type generation as tools. With a GitHub MCP server, it becomes possible to read Issues and create PRs. The agent side dynamically discovers "which tools are available" via the protocol and calls them as needed.
In terms of positioning, MCP handles "vertical" integration — the connection from agents to the external world. Meanwhile, "horizontal" communication between agents is handled by A2A (Agent-to-Agent Protocol), meaning MCP and A2A are complementary rather than competing.
In December 2025, Anthropic, together with OpenAI and Block, established the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF) within the Linux Foundation and donated MCP to it. As an open standard designed to avoid vendor lock-in, it has been adopted by numerous tools including Cursor, Windsurf, and Claude Code.
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